ATM value and volume figures for April 2023.
Daily LINK ATM transaction volumes:
The following graphs depict the daily withdrawal value for April across the last four years and together show the pattern across the whole month.
The impact of the first lockdown can be seen in the withdrawal values for 2020 falling from the pre-pandemic values in the early part of the month. The amount of cash taken from ATMs for this year up until Easter has remained below those pre-pandemic 2020 levels but ahead of the weeks impacted by the Lockdowns in 2020 and 2021.
However, as shown in the graph below, usage has increased since the Easter weekend with the cost of living benefit payments giving a £55 million wave of extra ATM withdrawals.
A further boost is shown in the week between the bank holidays – with perhaps some catch up from the first one and looking forward to the next one after the Coronation weekend.
Source: LINK
Most of the time the value of ATM transactions is again tracking just below 2022 although the brief spell of warmer weather at the end of the period shown meant that the value of ATM cash transactions were very close to the levels seen in 2022.
Daily withdrawal volumes are shown in the graph below reflecting the divergence with pre-pandemic volumes in 2020 and the impact of Lockdown 3 restrictions in 2021.
On the last day shown, volumes were above last year for the first time in a while but 2022 was hit by Storm Dudley, with marked dip in use.
The following graph shows the value of withdrawals over the Easter weekend for the last four years. With Easter moving around and varying weather conditions this can make comparison more tricky but the value of ATM cash withdrawals this year were broadly similar to 2022 reflecting the pattern seen since the beginning of the year.
Source: LINK
Weekly LINK ATM Transaction Volumes
Key observations for the week ending 30 April 2023:
The volume of ATM Transactions decreased by 21% when compared to the final week before the first COVID lockdown.
- The volume of ATM transactions increased by 15% when compared to the previous week.
- The volume of ATM transactions decreased by 0.3% when compared to the equivalent week in 2022.
- The volume of ATM transactions increased by 8% when compared to the equivalent week in 2021.
During the week ending 30 April, there was a total of 33.4 million ATM transactions which represents an increase of 4.4 million ATM transactions over the previous week.
In 2023, there was a decrease of 0.1 million transactions or 0.3% when compared with the equivalent week in 2022.
Volumes and values had been relatively stable with both tracking below 2022 in the last few weeks as shown in the table below. However volumes have seen an increase since Easter with a boost from the cost of living payments and activity in general leading up to the bank holiday weekends.
Source: LINK
Through Lockdowns to Plan B, Plan A and now living with Covid:
This graph shows the impact on ATM Transactions throughout the first year of lockdowns in 2020 and initially at the beginning of 2021 with Lockdown 3.0. This was followed by a gradual increase in volumes in 2021 as restrictions eased throughout the Summer.
In the first few weeks of 2022 the volume of ATM Transactions continued to track above 2021 but initially well below the pre-pandemic levels seen in 2020. From the end of March until the Summer, the overall weekly volume of ATM transactions was above both 2021 and 2020 given the lockdown restrictions in place for the equivalent weeks in both of the previous years.
Since the beginning of August the years have still been closely matched but the volume in 2022 was tracking just below that seen in the previous two years apart from the larger gap which reflects the impact of the bank holiday for the Queen’s funeral in September.
There had been a temporary divergence with 2020 as lockdown conditions were reimposed in November 2020 but this had narrowed again following the lifting of restrictions at the beginning of December. However the gap has widened again with restrictions reinstated under Lockdown 3 impacting the first half of 2021.
2022 and 2023 had been broadly in line with volumes and values recovering from the seasonal fall at the end of December with the impact of the weather during March probably the main cause of the divergence seen during that month.
The boost mentioned above can be seen towards the end of April on the graph below albeit only bringing the volume of transactions back in line with last year.
Source: LINK
This next graph also shows the trajectory of ATM Transactions with the graph also showing the timing of each lockdown and the differing level of restrictions in place.
In 2022 the volume of transactions can clearly seen to be increasing throughout each month to date and until the end of July consistently tracking above 2021 apart from one point in June.
Although still aligned, volumes since the beginning of August have tracked just below those seen for the same period in 2021 and 2022 and the August bank holiday weekend was also about 3% quieter. This appeared to be due to people cutting back on expenditure due to the cost of living crisis.
This is evidenced by the temporary boost when 8 million households received their cost of living payments leading to a spike in withdrawals as shown on the graph below. After the cost of living payment boost the volumes returned to normal although with a month end boost again seen in the graph below.
The fall in the volume of transactions in the initial weeks of December can be seen with the boost towards Christmas Day bringing volumes above the previous two years. This is followed again by a fall in the last week of the year as activity followed the usual trend for this time.
Throughout January and February volumes continue to recover as expected – just below last year’s but above 2021 when we were in Lockdown 3.
The probable weather-related divergence in March can be seen with cost of living payments giving a boost towards the end of April. A further spike would be expected when the next graph is published with the increased activity leading up to the May bank holiday weekends.
Source: LINK
A milestone is shown in the graph below as boosted by Christmas, the value of cash withdrawn from ATMs finally reached its pre-pandemic level. The higher average value withdrawn is also evident as the volume of transactions is still only at 75%.
ATM values and volumes have since fallen again with values at 73% of pre Covid levels and volumes at 64%
Source: LINK
The following graph showed a slight but definite increase in the percentage of balance enquiries during this year. This was possibly a reaction to the cost-of-living with more people wanting to check their balances before withdrawing cash. However the proportion of ATM balances fell to its lowest level in December since pre-Pandemic – possibly the weather deterring journeys but this still equates to a missing 1.3 million balances.
Source: LINK
Monthly LINK ATM transaction volumes
The table below again shows the impact of the first lockdown on volumes in March 2020 and the recovery and falls throughout the easing of restrictions and subsequent lockdowns which followed.
With the activity in the first four months of 2021 impacted by Lockdown the monthly figures below show volumes increasing by 20% in January 2022, 21% in February 2022, 18% in March 2022, 10% in April 2022, 5% in May 2022 and 1.4% in June and 3% in July – a decreasing trajectory overall but with volumes in 2022 still ahead of 2021.
However August’s 137 million transactions were 2.4% lower than last year’s and 3.4% below August 2020. Since that time the volume of transactions has tracked just below 2022 apart from the boost in November from the cost of living payments
In December wintry weather and rail strikes impacted the initial weeks with a boost in the final week failing to compensate overall and thus the volume for the month continued to track below 2021.
As expected this trend has continued into 2023 with volumes in January and February 2023 3% lower than the same period in 2022. This widened slightly to 5% lower in March with the additional impact caused by the snowy weather at the beginning of the month. Volumes in April 2023 were also 5% lower than 2022 although the value withdrawn was closer as people continue to take out more on each visit.
Source: LINK
Volumes and values remain significantly below pre-pandemic levels and there has clearly been a fundamental change in how some consumers are using ATMs and cash. However, even with this overall reduction in usage, around £7 billion has been withdrawn each month since restrictions eased from the Summer in 2021.
Like volumes, however, the value of transactions in 2022 was just ahead of the previous year until August with values tracking below 2021 for August, September and October. Values then pulled just ahead again in November from the cost of living payments and in December from the boost in the week leading up to Christmas Day.
Overall the value of ATM Transactions increased from £79 billion in 2021 to £83 billion in 2022 and January and February 2023 in turn had also seen values just slightly ahead of the previous year.
Graham Mott, Director of Strategy, LINK: “These numbers aren’t surprising. It’s easy to forget that there was quite a significant lockdown at the beginning of 2021 and therefore 2022 was the first year we’ve had since 2019 where there were no interruptions. What we know is that our relationship with cash and ATMs has changed. While many people are now happy to use contactless or digital payments, our research shows there are very few people that are completely cashless. We also know that people are visiting cash machines less often, but on average take out more cash.”
For March 2023 the value of ATM Transactions has fallen year on year by 2% – this is again probably due to the weather at the beginning of the month as experience shows that withdrawals do not generally ‘catch up’ when the weather improves. Similarly the value withdrawn in April 2023 was 2% less than April 2022 with the increase seen at the beginning and end of the month not sufficient to offset the middle week when the value withdrawn fell by 9% (albeit 2022 was also leading up to Easter with 2023 being the week after so not strictly comparing like with like but the impact on the overall value of transactions for the month can be seen).
Source: LINK
The following graph highlights the impact of the Lockdowns during the pandemic but also the resilience of the underlying use of cash once restrictions were lifted.
Source: LINK
The c. £6bn in cash taken from ATMs in January and February was almost identical to last year, above 2021 (which was in lockdown) but below pre-COVID 2019 and 2020. Once again the slight fall for March and April can be seen with both months tracking just below 2022.
Source: LINK
The average withdrawal value increased by almost £20 to over £85 during the first lockdown. Non essential trips were discouraged and this led to fewer outings and thus more cash withdrawn each time. With leisure and hospitality closed there were also fewer opportunities for lower value spontaneous cash requirements.
This was reinforced during each lockdown and the average withdrawal has continued to be high ever since as shown in the graph below.
Pre-pandemic average cash withdrawal values were around £68, with a boost in December as people took out more cash for Christmas, so this higher average value is a distinct change in consumers’ habits. In fact average withdrawal levels still seem to be increasing as shown in the graph below.
This increase of average withdrawal value can be clearly seen in the chart below with values over £80 this year which is up on last year and much higher than pre-pandemic 2019 and 2020. 2021 had higher average values but this was driven by the lockdown then in place.
Source: LINK
Predictions
With such a sharp drop in ATM transactions during 2020 a further significant shift from cash to digital may have been the logical expectation for 2021 but the volume of ATM transactions remained remarkably consistent once restrictions were lifted.
This consistency continued into 2022 and the graphs showing the volume of ATM transactions across the three years merged as expected during the Summer months reflecting the easing of restrictions in 2021 and 2020 and the similar conditions in place. Volumes have been tracking just below the previous year since August but values have held up reflecting the higher average amount withdrawn.
Thus a considerable number are still reliant on or are choosing to rely on traditional payment methods including cash.
‘Cash is still vital to so many people,’ says Nick Quin, head of financial inclusion at cash machine network Link. ‘Millions of people are choosing new ways to pay but, last year, on average, every adult in the UK still withdrew almost £1,500 from cash machines across the country.’
Given this ongoing reliance and in the absence of any further significant shifts in behaviour we expect to see a similar demand for cash to continue throughout 2023.